American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

Which of the following is a criterion for genetic testing for breast and/or ovarian cancer?

1. Any individual with breast cancer diagnosed at age 50

2. Anyone with a family history of diabetes

3. Men with breast cancer diagnosed at any age

4. Women with a history of hypertension

The correct answer is: Men with breast cancer diagnosed at any age

Genetic testing for breast and/or ovarian cancer is primarily indicated for individuals who have a significant personal or family history that raises suspicion for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes, such as those linked to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Men diagnosed with breast cancer, regardless of their age, are considered at an increased risk for carrying a BRCA mutation. This is particularly important because such mutations not only influence the likelihood of developing breast cancer in men but also have implications for their female relatives who may be at risk for breast and ovarian cancers. Therefore, offering genetic testing in this scenario helps to identify at-risk family members, enabling them to make informed decisions about their health monitoring and prevention strategies. The other options do not meet the criteria for genetic testing. Diagnosis of breast cancer at age 50 is not universally indicative, as genetic testing is typically recommended based on multi-factorial assessments that include family history. A family history of diabetes does not correlate with the risk of breast or ovarian cancer; hence it is not a relevant criterion for genetic testing in these cancers. Lastly, a history of hypertension does not indicate an elevated risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancers, making it not relevant for genetic testing criteria.