American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

Which of the following conditions is associated with nephritic syndrome?

1. IgA Nephropathy

2. Minimal Change Disease

3. Amyloidosis

4. Diabetic glomerulonephropathy

The correct answer is: IgA Nephropathy

Nephritic syndrome is characterized by renal inflammation, leading to hematuria (presence of blood in urine), proteinuria (though typically less than in nephrotic syndrome), hypertension, and signs of acute kidney injury. A condition that is classically associated with nephritic syndrome is IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease. IgA nephropathy occurs due to the deposition of IgA antibodies in the glomeruli, which incites an inflammatory response. Patients often present with episodes of hematuria that may be triggered by infections, particularly respiratory or gastrointestinal illnesses. The inflammation in the glomeruli leads to the typical manifestations of nephritic syndrome, making this condition a classic representative of the nephritic syndrome spectrum. The other conditions listed have differing mechanisms and clinical features: Minimal Change Disease is primarily associated with nephrotic syndrome, characterized by heavy proteinuria and edema. Amyloidosis can lead to nephrotic syndrome as well but may have different presentations depending on the extent and type of organ involvement. Diabetic glomerulonephropathy is commonly associated with nephrotic features due to diabetic damage to the glomeruli. Thus, IgA nephropathy is the appropriate choice when considering conditions specifically linked