American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

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When should HIV screening occur?

At age 10 and again at age 15
Only when symptoms are present
At least once for individuals aged 15-65
Every year for sexually active individuals

The correct answer is: At least once for individuals aged 15-65

HIV screening is recommended at least once for all individuals aged 15 to 65 due to the high prevalence of HIV among this age group and the importance of early detection and treatment. Regular screening plays a crucial role in controlling the spread of the virus, as many people with HIV may be unaware of their status and can unknowingly transmit the virus to others. The guidelines suggest that anyone within this age range should be screened regardless of perceived risk factors, helping to identify those who are infected early, which is essential for effective management and treatment. While screening every year for sexually active individuals is beneficial, particularly for those at higher risk, it is not universally required for all individuals. The recommendation to test every year is more specific to certain populations, such as those with multiple sexual partners, who have inconsistent or no condom use, or who use injection drugs. Therefore, the general screening guideline remains a single test for those aged 15 to 65, reflecting a balanced approach to maintaining public health while not overburdening the healthcare system.