American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

When should chlamydia screening be performed for sexually active women?

1. Every year for women of all ages

2. At least once for women aged 15-25

3. All sexually active women aged ≤24 years

4. Only if symptoms are present

The correct answer is: All sexually active women aged ≤24 years

Chlamydia screening is recommended for all sexually active women aged 24 years and younger due to their increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This age group is particularly vulnerable due to factors such as younger age at first sexual exposure, greater number of sexual partners, and inconsistent condom use. Regular screening allows for early detection and treatment, which can prevent complications like pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. While screening might be considered for women aged 25 and older, especially if they have risk factors (such as multiple partners or inconsistent condom use), the guidelines specifically emphasize that individuals aged 24 and younger should be screened annually regardless of perceived risk. This proactive approach is critical in public health strategies to control the spread of chlamydia and other STIs among young women. Overall, recognizing the high prevalence of chlamydia in this demographic underlines the importance of routine screening as a preventive measure, thereby supporting the recommended practice of testing all sexually active women in this age group.