American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

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What type of therapy is effective for women experiencing moderate to severe symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause?

Lubricants
Oral contraceptives
Vaginal estrogen
Hormone replacement therapy

The correct answer is: Vaginal estrogen

Vaginal estrogen is effective for women experiencing moderate to severe symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause because it directly addresses the local vaginal symptoms and atrophy associated with decreased estrogen levels during menopause. This therapy helps restore the vaginal epithelial thickness, improves elasticity, and increases blood flow, which can alleviate symptoms such as vaginal dryness, pain during intercourse, and urinary urgency. This targeted approach allows for higher concentrations of estrogen to be delivered directly to the vaginal tissues with minimal systemic absorption, reducing the risk of side effects that may occur with oral hormones. It can significantly improve the quality of life for women suffering from these menopausal symptoms by enhancing comfort and sexual function.