American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is the recommended treatment for iliotibial band syndrome?

1. Only rest and ice

2. Compression and elevation

3. Activity modification and stretching exercises

4. Surgical evaluation

The correct answer is: Activity modification and stretching exercises

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is a common condition that results from overuse and leads to lateral knee pain. The treatment approach focuses on addressing the underlying factors contributing to the condition as well as alleviating symptoms. Activity modification and stretching exercises are particularly effective because they help decrease the strain on the iliotibial band. Modifying activities that exacerbate the symptoms, such as running on a sloped surface or excessive downhill running, is crucial to prevent further irritation. Stretching exercises targeting the hip abductors and iliotibial band can improve flexibility and reduce tension in the area, promoting healing and preventing recurrence. While rest and ice can provide temporary relief, they do not address the root cause of ITBS, which is why this approach alone is insufficient as a long-term solution. Similarly, while compression and elevation can help manage inflammation, they are not definitive treatments for the condition. Surgical evaluation is typically reserved for severe cases that do not respond to conservative management, making it a less common first-line approach. Thus, the recommendation of activity modification and stretching exercises aligns well with the goal of both alleviating symptoms and promoting recovery by addressing contributing factors to iliotibial band syndrome.