American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is the recommended screening method for lung cancer in individuals aged 55-80 with a specific smoking history?

1. Annual low dose CT scan

2. Mammography

3. X-ray

4. MRI

The correct answer is: Annual low dose CT scan

The recommended screening method for lung cancer in individuals aged 55-80 with a specific smoking history is an annual low-dose CT scan. This recommendation is based on evidence from large clinical trials that demonstrated the effectiveness of low-dose computed tomography in reducing lung cancer mortality among high-risk populations, particularly those with a significant history of cigarette smoking. Low-dose CT scans are particularly advantageous because they can detect lung nodules at an earlier stage than conventional imaging techniques, which can lead to timely interventions and potentially increase survival rates. The criteria for screening typically include individuals who have a smoking history equivalent to a minimum of 30 pack-years and who currently smoke or have quit within the last 15 years. Given these factors, the annual low-dose CT scan is considered the most effective method for early detection of lung cancer in this high-risk population. Other imaging methods listed, such as mammography, X-ray, and MRI, are not appropriate for lung cancer screening in this context. Mammography is specifically used for breast cancer screening, while standard chest X-rays have been shown to be less effective in detecting lung cancer compared to low-dose CT scans. MRI is not routinely used for lung cancer screening due to its higher cost and limited availability compared to CT scans. Thus, the annual