American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is the most effective action to treat dry skin, itching, and eczematous changes?

1. Oral antihistamines

2. Moisturizers

3. Corticosteroid creams

4. Antibiotics

The correct answer is: Moisturizers

Moisturizers are recognized as the most effective action for treating dry skin, itching, and eczematous changes. The primary function of moisturizers is to enhance the skin's hydration levels, which is particularly important for individuals with dry skin conditions. They work by forming a protective barrier on the skin's surface, reducing water loss and improving overall skin texture. In cases of eczema and similar dermatological conditions, the skin's ability to retain moisture is often compromised, leading to dryness and irritation. By regularly applying moisturizers, the skin's moisture content can be significantly improved, thereby alleviating symptoms of dryness and itching. This intervention is foundational to skin care and is often recommended as a first-line treatment. While corticosteroid creams can be beneficial for reducing inflammation associated with eczema, they are typically used for more acute flares and do not address the underlying issue of moisture loss as effectively as moisturizers. Oral antihistamines may help alleviate itching but do not contribute to skin hydration, and antibiotics are only appropriate when there is a secondary infection, which is not the primary concern in isolated dry skin and eczematous changes.