American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is the cause of endophthalmitis?

1. Allergic reactions in the eye

2. Viral infections only

3. Bacterial or fungal infections following surgery

4. Autoimmune disorders

The correct answer is: Bacterial or fungal infections following surgery

Endophthalmitis is primarily caused by bacterial or fungal infections that often occur following surgical procedures, especially those involving the eye, such as cataract surgery or intraocular injections. The condition is characterized by inflammation of the inner eye structures, including the vitreous body and the retina, which can lead to severe vision loss if not addressed promptly. In many cases, bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis or Streptococcus species can enter the eye during a surgical procedure, while fungi, such as Candida or Aspergillus, may also cause infection in certain circumstances. This highlights the need for proper aseptic techniques and postoperative care to minimize infection risks. Allergic reactions in the eye, viral infections alone, or autoimmune disorders do not typically lead to the inflammatory process seen in endophthalmitis. While these conditions can affect the ocular health, they do not exhibit the same infectious etiology that characterizes endophthalmitis.