American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is an effective method for directly treating latent TB infection?

1. Home-administered daily medications

2. Directly observed therapy with isoniazid and rifapentine once weekly

3. Self-managed rifampin course

4. Telehealth consultation only

The correct answer is: Directly observed therapy with isoniazid and rifapentine once weekly

The effective method for directly treating latent TB infection involves directly observed therapy using isoniazid and rifapentine administered once weekly. This approach ensures adherence to the treatment regimen, which is crucial for achieving the desired outcome in managing latent tuberculosis. By having a healthcare provider observe the patient take the medication, it minimizes the risk of noncompliance, which can lead to treatment failure and the potential development of active TB. Isoniazid and rifapentine are effective agents used in combination to combat latent TB. Their use under direct observation is particularly beneficial because it facilitates monitoring for side effects and provides an opportunity for education about the disease and treatment, further improving adherence. This structured treatment approach aligns with guidelines from public health organizations emphasizing the importance of ensuring patients complete their therapy without gaps or missed doses. Other methods, such as home-administered daily medications or self-managed courses, may present challenges regarding patient compliance and monitoring of adverse reactions. Telehealth consultations, while valuable for follow-up and support, do not replace the need for direct observation during the administration of TB treatment. Thus, the chosen method represents a comprehensive strategy for effectively managing latent TB infection while promoting adherence and safety.