American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is a key indicator for the recurrence of symptoms in hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

1. Presence of pleural effusion

2. Exposure to the respiratory antigen

3. Low oxygen saturation

4. Chest tightness

The correct answer is: Exposure to the respiratory antigen

A key indicator for the recurrence of symptoms in hypersensitivity pneumonitis is the exposure to the respiratory antigen. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an inflammatory response in the lungs triggered by the inhalation of organic dust, mold, or other antigens. The symptoms can vary depending on whether the exposure has been acute, subacute, or chronic, but the commonality among all forms is that recurrence of symptoms is often directly related to renewed exposure to the specific antigen that caused the initial hypersensitivity reaction. When an individual is re-exposed to the antigen, it can lead to an exacerbation of symptoms, which may include cough, shortness of breath, and fever. Avoiding the triggering antigen is essential in managing the condition and preventing recurrence. In this context, recognizing the role of antigen exposure is paramount for both diagnosis and treatment strategies, highlighting it as the crucial indicator for symptom recurrence in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.