American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

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What is a characteristic time frame for the onset of aminoglycoside-induced acute kidney injury?

2-4 days
3-6 days
5-10 days
10-14 days

The correct answer is: 5-10 days

Aminoglycoside-induced acute kidney injury is a well-documented complication of aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin. The characteristic time frame for the onset of this type of kidney injury typically falls within 5 to 10 days after the initiation of therapy. This window reflects the time necessary for the nephrotoxic effects of the drug to manifest in susceptible patients, particularly in those who may already have reduced renal function or are at higher risk for kidney damage. In clinical practice, monitoring patients who are receiving aminoglycosides for signs of rising serum creatinine levels or reduced urine output is crucial, especially during this time period. Recognizing this characteristic time frame helps clinicians to be vigilant about the potential for renal toxicity and to intervene early if kidney injury is detected. Understanding this pharmacological principle aids in effectively managing patients on these medications and minimizing the risks associated with their use.