American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What does α-thalassemia trait typically require?

1. Extensive monitoring and treatment

2. No treatment

3. Iron supplementation

4. Blood transfusions

The correct answer is: No treatment

α-thalassemia trait typically requires no treatment because it is usually asymptomatic and does not lead to significant anemia. Individuals with α-thalassemia trait often have minor reductions in hemoglobin levels, but these usually do not necessitate any medical interventions. Individuals with this trait can lead normal, healthy lives without ongoing healthcare requirements. Diagnostic attention is primarily focused on understanding the genetic status and confirming the diagnosis, rather than on implementation of treatment strategies like those required for more severe forms of thalassemia or other anemias. In contrast, extensive monitoring and treatment would apply to patients with more severe forms of thalassemia, where symptoms and complications arise. Iron supplementation or blood transfusions are also reserved for more serious conditions, where actual iron deficiency or severe anemia may occur, which is often not the case in individuals with α-thalassemia trait.