American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What aspect of daily functioning must be affected for a diagnosis of dementia?

1. Interference with social events

2. Loss of independence

3. Complete inability to perform simple tasks

4. Increased need for medical supervision

The correct answer is: Loss of independence

For a diagnosis of dementia, it is essential that there is a loss of independence in daily functioning. Dementia is characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities that interferes with an individual's ability to safely and effectively manage daily tasks and responsibilities. This loss of independence often manifests in challenges with activities of daily living, such as managing personal care, handling finances, and preparing meals. While other aspects, such as interference with social events or increased medical supervision, may arise as a consequence of dementia, the core criterion for diagnosis hinges on the individual's increased difficulty in self-management and the need for assistance in daily life. The inability to perform simple tasks can indicate cognitive decline, but it does not inherently imply dementia unless it significantly affects independence.