American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by which type of pain?

1. Dull, aching pain

2. Sharp, lancinating pain

3. Throbbing pain

4. Constant, mild pain

The correct answer is: Sharp, lancinating pain

Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by sharp, lancinating pain that often occurs in episodes. This type of pain is typically described as sudden and severe, resembling an electrical shock that can be triggered by activities such as talking, chewing, or even touching the face. The nature of the pain makes it distinct from other types of facial pain, which may be dull or constant. The sharp, lancinating quality of the pain in trigeminal neuralgia stems from the irritation or compression of the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for sensations in the face. This condition often presents as quick bursts of pain, contrasting with the more persistent or dull characteristics found in other types of pain syndromes. In comparison, dull, aching pain is more characteristic of conditions like tension-type headaches or musculoskeletal issues, while throbbing pain is often associated with migraines. Constant, mild pain might describe chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia or arthritis but does not fit the episodic and intense nature of trigeminal neuralgia. The specificity of sharp, lancinating pain in trigeminal neuralgia helps in making the diagnosis and differentiating it from other pain syndromes.