American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

At what age should screening for Type 2 diabetes mellitus begin?

1. 30

2. 35

3. 40

4. 50

The correct answer is: 40

Screening for Type 2 diabetes mellitus is recommended to begin at age 40 for most adults. The rationale behind this guideline is based on the increased risk for developing Type 2 diabetes as individuals age, particularly in a population where factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of diabetes can significantly elevate risk. Starting screenings at age 40 helps identify individuals who may be asymptomatic but already exhibit signs of insulin resistance or other metabolic changes associated with diabetes. Early detection allows for timely interventions, including lifestyle modifications and medication, which can significantly alter the course of the disease and improve long-term health outcomes. While screening recommendations can vary based on individual risk factors, the general consensus is that starting at age 40 captures a substantial proportion of at-risk individuals among the adult population. This is especially true in populations where there is a higher prevalence of Type 2 diabetes. Thus, the choice of age 40 aligns with guidelines recommended by major health organizations, ensuring that at-risk individuals receive appropriate screenings promptly.