American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

In assessing obstructive sleep apnea, what is an important patient factor to consider?

1. History of smoking

2. Adherence level to therapy

3. Age

4. Gender

The correct answer is: Adherence level to therapy

In assessing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), adherence level to therapy is a significant patient factor to consider because effective management of OSA typically involves the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy or other interventions. Understanding a patient’s adherence to prescribed treatment is vital, as non-adherence can lead to persistent symptoms, increased risk of complications, and overall poorer outcomes. High adherence levels are associated with better control of the condition, reduced daytime sleepiness, improvement in quality of life, and lower risks of associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease. While factors such as history of smoking, age, and gender can influence the risk and severity of OSA, they do not directly impact the management or success of treatment in the same way adherence does. Smoking can exacerbate respiratory issues and might worsen sleep apnea, but it doesn't necessarily dictate the patient's response to therapy. Age is a demographic risk factor that can affect the likelihood of diagnosis, but it is the patient's active participation in their treatment regimen that truly determines the management of OSA. Gender can also play a role, as it relates to the prevalence and presentation of OSA, but again, it does not compare to the critical importance of adherence in the actual treatment process. Thus,